For me the “Use scene material assignments on Reload” did the trick so I’m not sure what’s happening. Is it the same CAD file or is it a new one supplied by the client, wblocked out, xreffed etc?
There used to be a bug which caused materials to be reset if the AutoCAD file had XRefs attached to it.
A workaround is to uncheck ‘include external references’ in the presets part of the file link manager and filelink to the XRefs as well your initial drawing.
If this is coming from Revit and the objected get deleted and recreated that it loses its definition in the linked file and a new definition gets created so that the material you had applied to a door previously doesn’t know where to assign itself. If it is ADT, I assume there is something similar about deleting and recereating. If you are moving objects around I would think this should work, but who knows. I had problems with File Link early on and have steered away from it for a while.