Hotel room rendering

Wow, awesome results!

Optimizes the curtains and some small details

Great! Are the yellow lights on the wall done via emissive surfaces or an area light? It looks very nice!

It’s emissive surface

Out of curiosity: do they work differently? (I know they are applied differently, but do they produce different results? Are there different mechanisms in the background rendering process?)

I have always just used emissive surfaces because it’s quicker and can be edited without having to go into the enscape object editor.

Yes there is a big difference.

Emissive Artificial light
Shape Arbitrary shape (Every possible surface) Restricted to certain shapes (Point, sphere, rectangle, …)
Light Potentially noisy, especially if powerful and small Almost noise free
Shadows Very blurry Sharper
Bounce light Needs one indirect bounce to be visible at all Directly visible
Therefore in total one indirect bounce more than emissive

TL;DR: Use artificial lights whenever possible for smaller light sources. Use emissive for quite large emitting surfaces (TV screens or large lighting panels like in the above project).