After further investigation it looks like this was due to the new Adaptive Lights in 3.5, not necessarily the directionality. If I set it to Probabalistic or Full it renders out just fine. Oddly it also seems to mostly go away if I leave it on Adaptive but turn off Sub-Pixel mapping (I had it on before).
With Adaptive on (at 8) and sub pixel mapping off these are the results (it’s only a crop of a larger image):
RGB:
RawLighting:
Sampler:
It’s most evident in the Sampler where the artifacts are showing up but you can see the different shading in the dark vertical bar in the center of the RGB image. If I set it to Probabilistic or Full everything is nice and smooth. The artifacts repeat the same each time as long as I render a full image but it the pattern shifts and seems reduced if I render a smaller area. Rendering it with a higher adaptive amount (e.g., 24) the effect is diminished but still evident.